DIPLOMACY Some 150 Heads of State and Government will speak at the United Nations
For nearly a week, some 150 heads of state and government will speak in New York at the United Nations. Traditionally, this first day gives pride of place to the speech of the American president, who as leader of the host country of the UN headquarters speaks in the first. But exceptionally, Joe Biden, who was at the funeral of Queen Elizabeth II on Monday , postponed his intervention to Wednesday.
“A moment of great peril for the world”
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The Secretary General of the UN Antonio Guterres will be there with an opening speech for this 77th General Assembly which “will not water down things”, promised his spokesman Stéphane Dujarric. “We are meeting at a time of great danger for the world”, underlined Antonio Guterres on Monday, listing “conflicts and climatic disasters”, “mistrust and division”, “poverty, inequality and discrimination”.
Russia 's invasion of Ukraine will be at the heart of this diplomatic week, with an intervention on Wednesday by Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky - by video thanks to a special authorization voted last week by member states - and a Security Council on Thursday at the level of Ministers of Foreign Affairs.
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However, the countries of the South are increasingly annoyed by the focus on this war. “We don't just want to talk about ending the conflict in Ukraine. We want the conflicts to end in Tigray, we want the conflicts to end in Syria, we want the conflicts to end wherever they appear in the world,” Barbados Prime Minister Mia said on Monday. Mottley.
Putin and Xi absent
In an attempt to address concerns, Americans and Europeans are organizing a meeting on food security on Tuesday. And Emmanuel Macron , who will be at the podium this Tuesday in the middle of the day, will insist on the need to prevent the "fracturing" between countries of the North and the South, it is indicated at the Elysée, specifying that the head of the State will organize a dinner on this theme with several other leaders.
On Tuesday, Brazilian Presidents Jair Bolsonaro and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida and German Chancellor Olaf Scholz must also succeed each other on the podium. Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi is also in New York for his first General Assembly and the nuclear issue could be at the center of discussions. On the other hand, there will be a few notable absentees, in particular Vladimir Putin and the Chinese leader Xi Jinping.
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After two years of virtual and hybrid summits, the world's leaders will reconvene on the river's edge in New York this coming week at the UN General Assembly, an exercise in multilateralism born from the hope for lasting peace that followed World War II.
The opening of the 77th session comes as the planet is beset with crises on nearly every front. Russia's war in Ukraine, inflation and economic instability, terrorism and ideological extremism, environmental degradation and devastating floods, droughts and fires and the ongoing pandemic are just a few of the rampant perils.
The high-level meeting opens Monday with a summit on education, whose thorough disruption during the coronavirus pandemic will reverberate for decades to come. Speeches from the scores of attending leaders begin Tuesday and run through Monday, Sept. 26.
While this year is billed as something of a return to the way things were, certain concessions to the ongoing coronavirus pandemic have been made. In addition to basic health protocols, few side events will take place on the UN's midtown Manhattan campus.
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Here's what to know about this year's UN General Assembly, which will be presided over by Hungary's Csaba Korsi:
WILL EVERYONE COMETO NEW YORK THIS YEAR?
Yes, mostly. In order to speak at this year's gathering, leaders or their high-level designees must show up in person with one notable exception. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy has not left the country since war broke out in late February. The General Assembly voted Friday to allow him to submit a prerecorded speech, expected to air during the latter half of Wednesday's session.
WHAT IS THE REAL POINT OF ATTENDING THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY?
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While the effectiveness of the United Nations has been questioned for as long as it has existed, the benefits of attendance are undeniable. From the dais, countries broadcast their agendas, grievances and calls to action to the entire world and a permanent record. This week is a key chance for countries often drowned out by what they decry as a hegemonic world order to grab the attention of a larger audience. It's also a chance for leaders especially those from countries with tensions to engage in meetings on the sidelines in neutral territory. Those meetings are often called bilaterals, or bilats.
HOW LONG ARE SPEECHES ALLOWED TO BE?
They're supposed to be 15 minutes. Delegates are kindly reminded of that on the UN's website, but speeches notoriously tend to run longer. The longest speech made to the General Assembly clocked in at 269 minutes nearly 18 times that recommendation. It was delivered by Cuba's Fidel Castro in 1960.
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HOW IS THE ORDER OF SPEECHES DETERMINED?
Up first, as a rule: Brazil. It's tradition. Early on, Brazil volunteered when no other country wanted to speak first. So now the South American country is enshrined as the first speaker. The United States, as the host country, typically speaks second, but President Joe Biden's attendance of Queen Elizabeth II's funeral will push his speech to Wednesday this year.
After that, the order is determined by whom a country is sending heads of state before heads of government before ministers and other representatives and other criteria, like country preference and geographic balance.
IT'S CALLED A DEBATE, BUT A SUCCESSION OF SPEECHES DOESN'T SOUND VERY LIVELY. WHERE'S THE DRAMA?
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The structure of the General Debate doesn't lend itself to obvious fireworks no booing or interruptions or immediate rebuttals but that doesn't mean intrigue and drama are absent.
First, the speeches can be a font of evocative language and barbs take Zelenskyy's speech last year, delivered roughly five months before the war began, in which he castigated the UN itself as a retired superhero and wryly quoted Russian President Vladimir Putin. Sometimes the message is veiled: While since-ousted Pakistan Prime Minister Imran Khan called Indian government fascist last year, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi targeted both Pakistan and China without mentioning either by name.
Member states are also allowed to exercise the right of reply, in which they can rebut criticism voiced during the General Debate. These are often fiery exchanges but aren't typically delivered by prominent members of a country's delegation. India and Pakistan's longstanding enmity practically guarantees they'll be using the right of reply.
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ARE MEMBER STATES THE ONLY ONES ALLOWED TO ADDRESS THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY?
No. The State of Palestine, Holy See (the Vatican) and the European Union are all permanent observers on the docket this year.
ARE THERE ANY NOTABLE SPEAKERS TO KEEP AN EYE OUT FOR THIS YEAR?
Plenty. In addition to heavy hitters like Biden and Zelenskyy, expect addresses from new British Prime Minister Liz Truss, French President Emmanuel Macron, Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi, Egyptian President Abdel Fattah el-Sissi and new Kenyan President William Ruto, among many others.
Russia is sending its foreign minister, Sergey Lavrov, whose US entry visa was in doubt for some time despite an agreement between the UN and the United States that requires the approval of visas irrespective of the relations existing between the governments of the persons referred to and the US government.
World leaders’ speeches at the annual session of the United Nations General Assembly began Tuesday with a notable change of protocol: The president of the United States will not be speaking on the first day.
Because he was in London on Monday attending the funeral of Queen Elizabeth II along with many other world leaders, President Biden will speak on Wednesday morning.
The United States hosts the U.N. headquarters, so the American president traditionally speaks second after Brazil, whose leader has traditionally spoken first since the 1950s.
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António Guterres, the secretary general of the U.N., opened the session with a speech about a divided world in peril facing enormous challenges, from the threat of multilateralism, to conflict, climate change and food insecurity. Mr. Guterres told reporters last week that he will set out a call to action with concrete steps for tackling and overcoming these challenges.
The war in Ukraine and its many rippling effects will be a major theme of the General Assembly this week. But there are not many world leaders who have access to the presidents of both Russia and Ukraine.
One who does, President Recep Tayyip Erdogan of Turkey, pitched himself as a mediator in his address, after saying in an interview that Russia should return all Ukrainian territory it has captured. Mr. Erdogan has emerged as a key figure in mediating between Ukraine and Russia and, together with Mr. Guterres, led the negotiations that resulted in a deal that allowed Ukraine’s grain to be shipped out of ports in the Black Sea.
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The United States, the European Union and the African Union are jointly hosting a conference on Tuesday to address the global food insecurity crisis and appease the concerns of developing countries who say the West has ignored their problems and focused too much of its attention and aid on Ukraine.
Kishida Fumio, the prime minister of Japan, had been expected to speak on Tuesday, but his trip to New York has been delayed because of a typhoon in Japan. He will be leaving Japan on Tuesday to take on the U.N. stage.
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